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May 17. 1927!. 1,628,699

F. H. WAPPLER ET AL X-RAY APPARATUS Filed D 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Imliim'illllllr INVENTOR JVM'DEHICK fi MPH ER Cmmss ihyfn (A/ w HM,

ATTORNEY.

May 17 1927. 1,628,699

Fl WAPPLER ET AL X-RAY APPARATUS ile Dec. 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 U I! K 3& E] rl INVENTOR FhEDER/M bf WAPPLf/P Cmmss MVER BY ATTORNEY PatentedMay 17, 1927.

UNITED STATES FREDERICK H. \VAPPLER A ND CHARLES FAYER, F FLUSHING, NEWYORK, ASSIGNORS PATENT OFFICE.

TO WAPPLER ELECTRIC COMPANY, INC., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

X-RAY APPARATUS.

Application filed December 7, 1928. Serial No. 679,081.

plurality of transformers houscdtherein'forcontrolling the maindischarge'and also for controlling anelectron discharge if one be used,the transformers being submerged in oil, thc X-ray tube being so mountedand spaced within the-hollow shield as. to be insulated by the air: orgases-therein con-' tained, and to be-Ieasily removed and l'eplacgxLx-'zy- 2; More particularly-stated, our invention contemplates a'number'of improvements in X-ray apparatus of-the typ'e above men--tioned, among which are thefollowing:

I. To generate the high potential currents for the main discharge of theX-ray tube by means of powerful but light andcompact transformers,submerged in oil 'eontain ed in metal casings, these-casingsteach beingdo :30 X-ray shield. 1

- II. To so mount the X'-ray-;tube within the cylindrical X-ray shieldthat the' X raktube p v -ray invention." v Shield and parts thereinoontiiinedyby means is at all" times insulated fromthe lit of air orsuch other gaseous'medium as may be contained within the X-ray shield.

III. To provide improved mountings for the X-ray tube, in order'tofacilitateits easy removal and replacement-relatively tothe 40 X-rayshield and thevarious parts con tained therein.- 7

IV. To improve the insulation of the X-ray tube relatively tosurrounding objects within the X-ray shield,independently of theinsulation afforded by the oil transformeis. A

V. To improve the construction and arrangement of the transformers andthe cas ings in which they are' contained with oil, in order tofacilitate detachably mounting these parts within the cylindrical X-rayshield.

VI. To so mount the oil transformer casings detachably within the hollowX-ray tachably mounted within the cylindrical shield as to enable themto be removed or replaced independently of each other.

VII. To avoid the development of excessive potential strains by using,for purposes of the main discharge, a plurality of separate transformershoused. within separate casings and yet connected in series.

VIII. To provide the X-ray shield with improved mountings, soconstructed and arranged that, by merely mounting the X-ray tube withinthe hollow X-ray shield, various contact members areautomatically tittedtogether so as to establish the various electrical connections used forenergizing the X-ray tube.

IX; To provide an improved value mechanism for each transformer-casingin order to 'permit egress therefrom of air or gases driven out'wheneverthe tranformer becomes drawingiorming a part of this specifica-' tion,and in which like reference characters indicate like parts throughoutthe several figures.

-Figure 1 is a central longitudinal sect-ionthrough a hollow X-rayshieldof substantially. cylindrical form, provided with our -Figure 2 is acentral fragmentary section throu h the X-ray tube-and its mountings,

' where y'it is detachably supported as contemplated by Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1, looking in thedirection indicated by the arrows.

Figure 4 is a section on the line of Figure 1, looking in the directionindicated by the arrows.

Figure 5 is an end elevation of one of the transformer casings.

Figure'ti is a section on the line 6-6 of Figure 5, looking in thedirection indicated by the arrows.

Figure 7 is a front elevation of an X-ray shield like that appearing inFigure 1 but showing the same as supported vertically upon a tube stand.

Figure 8 is a diagram of the wiring and various electrical connections.

An X-ray shield appears at 9, and has the general for n of ac lindent is-made of metal pfdvidei iht its eh? siiith a pair of end caps and 11,each detachably fitted intoposition. The shield is further providedwithinopening 1 2,"and with a door 13 for closing this opening.

Mounted within the ends ofthe cylinder just described, and carried bythe end caps 10 and 11, are a pair of transformer casings 14 and 15,alike in construction, and ap- -.pearing in cross section as indicatedin Fig similarly mounted within: and carried bythe. end cap 11- v Bythis arrangement either endQc'a'p when. removed-carries with it oneofthe transformercasings'.

The casing ,14 is.-provi.ded witlr'an open-- ing lfi 'closedby a ;blo'ck.:17- of insulating, material, such-as hard rubber,- or-poreelain havingthe general form of a massive disk and provided with corrugations 18 forimproving its insulatingnqualities.

The casing i8.\ "rovidedwith aniopening19 closed byavb oclc 20;this-block bein'g'l provided witheorrugatibns-m and; havingsubstantially :the skinny-form as .the' block 17". The casings 14 land:15: g respectively act ssrcc p a nfilakashr-nor'rnally; holds a v'o1um6;9 f ,oil, i sdndicatd at and: 23.

,Th..block. 17 9f: insulating .inaterial: carries a sleve24of-.conductin material,- held these bolts' extending-{through ieandbeingF gure 2; ninQ len-ibqltz 29..- extends through :thlQ- blQCl 219i a thecasing-15,: The pnrpose of thisv'alve is wire 31 extends from the bolt2.6 .-.to;-- the:

belt; serves-as aieontacthineinberx A b91525, and connected with this;wire; 3 15s located within the transformencasing- 13 and arensedinenergizing the X-ray ,tube, as b r 'me t descri ed a? the bolt 29,,and is used ais a, contact member;

Th X- ay-t be' 'is ew -atfia and com.

tains an anode-36 and a cathpde37; The

cathode is in this instance a, so-called, glower.

cathode and consists oia. wire or. filament, adapted to beheated,Connected-with the cathode 3 7 is a wire 38, which leads to acontact member- 39. Another'wire 40 is connected with the cathode at 37,and leads therefrom to a contact sleeve 41, carried by the X-ray tube.The contact sleeve 41 is proportioned, adapted and arranged to bedetachably fitted i Q, th0 contact sleeve 24 carried by the block 17 ofinsulating main the casin it terial; and the contact member 39, alsocarried by the X-ray tube is adapted for detachzible' malignant. with th1e34, which zbis above described serves as a contact mem- A wire 43extends froin the zinode 36 to the adjacent end of the X-i'ay tube, andis there connected with a contact member 44, inade ofinetal and havingthe form of a tubular sleeve. Detachably fitting into this tubularsleeve is a contact bolt 45, which extendsthroiigh the block 20 ofinsulating material and is provided with a head 47 and fitted with a-nut48. Encircling the contact bolt is a spiral spring 49; which, with theparts in po'siti'on as indicatedin F igures 1 and 2, presses in onedirection against the nut 48. and in the opposite direction against thetubular contact sleeve 44.

We will now describe the transformer mechanism located 'within thecasing 15, and shown in Figure 3 and at the right in Figure, 1. Crossbars 50 and 51 are mounted within the casing 15, and supported bythesecross .bars: is an 'H'-type transformer .core 52. This transformer coreis provided with a middle bar 53, and carriedfby this bar is -a;.-primary -winding .54- A secondary winding- 55. encircles the primary,.winding 54. Insulating pins 56 are wedged in between .the secondarywinding and the core 52,- asiindicated Figures'I and 3, so asto hold thesecondary windin firmly in position and 170 properly main ain thespacing betwecnthe secondary-winding and thetcore: f v. ,Y

-Bii1ding p( $tS 57; 58 and 59, carried by the basing-.15 and properlyinsulated, are used in making variouselectrical connecti on sg e ff 7 51.1.1

A valve 60, having the form shown more particnlarlyinEigure .6, ismounted upon to ;=pe"r'init egress of any. vapors' or gases formed thecasing .in consequence of thev heating'of theoil 23 b'y-action oi thetransformer Il -he valve 60, has the form of .a short bolt, and. isthreaded and fitted with-a nut 60% The valve is further providedwithafpassagefiO, this passage hav- F A nut 34 is fitted upon theuterend" of inga port-ion GOP-extending outwardly as shown in Figure 6,and covered with a leaf 60? .ot soft. rubber. ,Fittedove'r the leaf 60is a leaf spring 60*, serving asfia clamp for holding-the leaf and:- forpressing it against the face of'the valve, thus normally closing thepassage thereof. A screw 60 h lds the spring, in. position.

lVhile the valve readily permits the outer passage of any gases orvapors formed withdoes not permit the c!)- trance of air into thecasing.

The casing 14 is in many respects simiizir to the casing15 justdescribed.

The casing 14 is provided with n number of lugs 61, 62, 63, 64, andsupported upon these lugs is an H-type transformer core 65, providedwith a middle bar 66. This middle bar carries a primary winding 67 and asecondary winding 68, these windingsand the H-type core togetherconstituting a high tension step-up transformer..

A number of insulating pins 69 are used for the purpose of holding thesecondary winding 68 firmly in position, and of spacing..it from theadjacent portions of the transformer core.

The casing 14 is further provided with lugs 70 and 71, and mounted u onthese lugs is a closed transformer core 2, carryat 76 and 77. Fromthese-mains two wires.

A-wire, S4isconnectedfwith the wire 78,

andleads therefrom-to:-.a switch-. 85. Con. nected with. this aiwire 86which leads to a variable ;resis'tance=-.87,; servingno more:complication binding-post 93, and from the latter a wire 100 leads to ameter 101, used for measuring the secondary currents of the maindischarge. From this meter a wire 102 leads to the binding post 58. Awire 103 is connectedwith the secondary winding 68 of the maintransformer, and leads therefrom to the contact bolt 29 above described.

A wire 104 leads from the binding post 57 to the primary winding 54. Awire 105 is connected with the binding post 58, and leads therefrom tothe'secondary winding 55. Awir'e 106 leads from the binding post 59 tothe primary winding 54.

The casing 14-is provided with a valve 108, similar to the valve 60above described, and shown more particularly in Figure 6.

Asmay' be noted from the foregoing description, the high potentialcurrents for maintaining the main discharge through the X-ray' tube areproduced by transformers 'which, though powerful and-submerged in oil,are nevertheless light and compact; and that the separate casingscontaining the transformers and the oil for insulating the Although theX-raytube, when in position andready for active use, is located betweenthepairof oil-transformers mounted within the'X-ray shield, theinsulation enveloping the tube is merely' air or such gases or vapors asmay .be contained within-the hollow 'rayshield. I

.-To remove or-=replace the )i-ray. tuoeis a .very'easyfmatter, ofierin'asl a rule little or han --would "be re- .quired to fit anelebtrio-lamp bulb into a the purpose: of a:,regiulaton for controlling:-socket or: to:remove the-same therefrom..

the current supply, to.-.the-- heatipg .trans- The-mountings from thei-Xray tube are former. From the .variablek'resistance 87xso1arranged thatwhen the X-ray tube is in a wire 83 leads to a bindingr-pos't-fit), and::positionitiisfinsulated relatively .to surfrom the latter awire 99leads -to:the prirounding objects located withinf theX-ray mary winding73- of the step-down. trans.- ;;'-shi eld,-:it's insulationfor thispurpose being former used. in, connection :with: theheating:

connections. .The wire 94 leadsiromthe binding post to theprimarywinding 67, and awire- 95 leads from thebinding'post 90 to the doubleswitch 80.

A wire 96 leads from the binding .post 91 to the primary winding 73- ofthe heating transformer. A wire 97 leads from the bind-" ing post 91 tothewires-81 and 82. Connected with the binding post 92 is a wire 98,which leads therefrom to the primary winding 67. A wire 98 is alsoconnected with the binding post 92, and leads across to the other casing15 and is connected-with the binding post 57 carried thereby. A wire 99leads from the secondary winding 68 to the sul'ation aflordedfbydu'e:toithespacing of the tube from theother parts-and. thus beingindependent of the inthe oil;in' connection .with the-transformers Theform,construction, and arrangementof thetransformers andof-thecasingsmn- -taining the same are. such .asto facilitate- :the'mounting of these parts detachably 1 within .the cylindrical X-rayshield.

The transformer casings, because mounted upon the end caps of the X-rayshield, may each asa unit be quickly-and easily replaced independentlyofthe other.-

l/Ve avoid the-development'of excessive .potential strains by separatingthe main transformers and housing them separately withindifi'erentportions of the X-ray shield. and thus at'opposite ends of the X-raytube. lVith the transformers thus arranged but connected in s riesthrough the tube we obtain a potential adequate for purposes of.

the Xray tube,- and yet we So localize and distribute lhis potential asto render ithai-mllSS.

The various contact meiubers carried by the X-i-ay tube and othercontact members carried by the X-ray shield are so arranged that theoperator; in order to properly esiablish all of the connectionsnecessary for energizing the X-ray tube,- neell do nothing more thanmerely place the X-ra-y. tube in position, by hand,- within the X-rajshield; and in order to properly undo variou's conncctions,- he simplyremoves the X-ray tube from its mounting-s.

It will be (ibscrvcd in addition that by nieans of the valves used uponthe transformer casings; provision is made for the escape therefrom .ofair, vapors oxygases;

arising from the action of tlie' transformers.

It is clear,- therefore, that for the reasons above stated theciliciefw; of our device is very great in proportion-to itssizc; weightand mechanical strength.

Assuming the switches 8U. uni-L85 to be closed; the various circuits maybe traced as hereinafter described.

A circuit may be traced through the primarywindingsof the maintraiisformcn; as follows:

Main 16; wire -78,- left-.ha-nd portionof double switchv 80,-Uwire 9H,binding 90; wire ild; prinia-ryav'indingi 67 1 wire 98; bindingpost==9i-5, \Vll8x98;.-bllldlll-POSt 57,- wire 104, primary winding 54,wire 106, binding 'post c59,wir.c 82;.wiie 81,.right hand port-Rib m2-doublcswitch 80; wiie TQJ main. F? to sourceof clectricalzsupply. (H 61;shown); andthenceback to 'the:h1ain=:'?fi.-=

This circuit. ener 'zesathe primetywindings fi'fiand-io li-ofvt 'ezma'intransformers.

A circuit through the secondary windingsof the transformersjustinentioned may be traced as.folloivs:

Secondary winding 68-: wire 99, binding post 93; wire- 100; meter 101,wire 102-, binding post 58, xvii-c.105 secondary winding 55 wire 10?,-bolt -16;- sleeve {14, wire 43, anode 36 of X-ray tube 35, cathode 37,wire 38, contact bolt 29 and wire 103; back 0 secondary winding 68; Thecircuit thus traced is the. circuit of the main discharge, throughtheX-iay tube; i

A circuiE-may bextriiccd throng-h the primary winding of the heatingtransformer, as folldwsz' l Main 76, wire 78 wire 84,- switch 85; wire86, variable resist-ance'87ywirc 83; binding post 89, wire 88;prima-ry.winding 73, wire 90, binding posts 9L; wire 97, wire 81, righthand portion of double switch 80,- wire "(9, main 77 to source ofelectrical supply thence back to main 76. The circuit just traced inglrzu'isl ormcr;

The secondary circuit of the heating transformer may be traced asfollows:

Sccondarv winding T4. ivirc 52. coulacl members 24 and 41 wire 4!),calziimlc 3?, wire 38, contact bolt 2!). and wire 33, back to secondarywinding- 7.4.

In Figure 7 of the X-ray shield is shown as mounted upon a tube stand109. However, the tube shield may be mounted either as here indicated orin any other manner known in this art for supporting an X-ray shield.

The operation of our device may be readily understood from thefort-going descrip tion.

The parts being constructed and arnuigcd as shown and described, and theswitches being closed thcapparatus is thrown into action.

We do not limit ourselves to the particular mechanism shown anddescribed, our invention being commensurate with our claims:

Having thus described our invention what we claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is as follows:

1. An apparatus of the character described comprising an- X-ray shieldhaving the form of an elongated hollow body im-' pervious to X-rays,- apair of oil transformeis mounted independently of each other within theendsof said X-ray shield and supported thereby,- and supportingmechanism connected with said transformers and energized thereby forsupporting an X-ray tube in a position intermediate said transformersand within said X-ray shield, said supporting mechanism being in twoparts,

each carried by one of said transformers.

QsAn apparatus of the character described comprising an X-ray shieldhaving the" general form of an elongated hollow body, a pair of hightension transformers housed within the ends of said hollow body andsupporting mechanism made in two parts each carried by one of said high'tension transformersfor supporting an X-ray tube within said hollowbody and lengthwise between said transformers.

3.- An apparatus of the character described cotnprisihg an X-ray shieldhaving the general form of a hollow cylinder, a pair of end caps mountedupon said cylinder and closing the ends thereof, a pair of high tensiontransformers carried by said end caps and thus supported within the endsof said cylinder and connections for sup portin and energizing an X-raytube extending lengthwise between said transform- CPS and located withinsaid cylinder.

An apparatus of the character described comprising a hollow Xray shieldprovided with open ends, a pair of end caps detachably engaging saidends and thus closing the same, a pair: of oil tanks normally housedwithin the ends of saidhollow X-ray shield, anoil transformer in eachoil tank, and means for supporting an X-ray tube intermediatesaid oiltransformers.

.-\u apparatus of the character (lesrribcd comprising an X-ray shieldhaving the general form of a hollow cylinder, a pair of high tension oiltanks separately housed within the ends ot said cylinder, :1. separatetransfmmcr in each oil tank, and an X-ray tube located within saidcylinder and connected with said transformers.

6. An apparatus of the character described comprising an X-ray shieldhaving the general form of a hollow cylinder, a pair of oil tanksseparate from each other and respectively housed within the ends of saidcylinder, :1 high tension transformer mount ed within each oil tank andinsulated thereby, and an X-ray tube mounted within said cylinder andsubstantially co-axial therewith, said X-ray tube being at its endsdetachably connected with said transformers. 7. An apparatus of thecharacter described comprising an X-ray shield having the general formof a hollow cylinder, a pair of end caps closing the ends of said.cylinder, :1 pair of oil transformers carried by said end caps andhoused within the ends of said cylinder, a pair of blocks of insulatingmaterial connected with said oil transformers and located opposite eachother within said cylinder, and contact members carried by said blocksof insulating material and connected with said transformers, forenergizing an X-ray tube.

8. An apparatus of the character described comprising an X-ray shieldhaving the general form of a hollow cylinder and provided with a door,an X-ray tube adapted to be placed within said shield and removedtherefrom throu hsaid door, oil tanks separately housed within saidhollow cylinder and respectively located within the ends thereof, a pairof high tension transformers, one located within each oil tank, andcontact mechanism located within said hollow cylinder and connected withsaid high tension transformers for the purpose of energizing said X-raytube from said transformers.

9. An apparatus of the character described, comprising an X-ray shieldhaving the general form of a hollow cylinder, a pair of high tensiontransformers separately housed within the ends of said cylinder, and anX-ray tube located within said cylinder and detachably connected withsaid transformers, said X-ray tube being spaced substantially coaxialwith the wall of said cylinder and enveloped in a gaseous mediumcontained within said cylinder.

10. An apparatus of the character de scribed, comprising a hollow shieldmade up of materials impervious to X-rays, a pair of high tension oiltransformers separately housed'within said=hollow shield and spacedapart. and an X-ray tube located within-said hollow shield and connectedwith said transformers, said X-ray tube bc lllfI enveloped on'all sideswith a. gaseous medium and thus insulated from said hollow shield. i

ll. An apparatusof the character dc- ,srribed, comprising an X-rayshield made of metal and having the form of a hollow cylinder,'a pair ofoil transformers separately housed within the ends of said cylinder andseparated by an air space, an X-ray tube, means for detachablysupporting said X-ray tube within said air space, and electricalconnections from said 011 transformers to said X-ray tube.

'oil transformers housed'within the ends of said cylinder and separatedby an air space, an X-ray tube adapted to be moved into and out of saidcylinder through said door thereof, and connections controllable by theremoval and replacement of said X-ray tube for connecting said X-raytube with said transformeis and disconnecting the same therefrom.

13. An apparatus of the character de scribed comprising a hollow shieldmade of material impervious to X-rays, a pair of oil transformersseparately housed within said hollow shield and separated by an airspace, an X-ray tube normally located with in said air space, andcontact mechanism located within said hollow shield and connected withsaid oil transformers, said contact mechanism being controllable by theremoval and replacement of said X-ray tube for the purpose ofdisconnecting said X-ray tube from said transformers and of connectingthe same therewith.

14. An apparatus of the character described comprising an X-ray shield,a pair of oil transformers carried thereby and separately housedtherein, an X-ray tube extending between said oil transformers andenergized thereby, and mechanism connected with said oil transformersand controllable by the removal and replacement of said X-ray tube, formaking and breaking electrical connection from said X-ray tube to saidtransformers.

15. An apparatus of the character described eomprising the hollow X-rayshield, a pair of oil transformers separately housed therein and spacedapart, an X-ray tube located between said transformers and so connectedtherewith that said transformers may cause a discharge to take placethrough the X-ray tube, said X-ray tube when in pOSl' tion bein;substantially within the center of said hollow X-ray, shield andinsulated by an air space containing said X-ray tube.

ltiQAn apparatus of the character described comprising a hollow X-rayshield, a pair of oil transformers separately housed therein and spacedapart, and an X-ray tube normally located within said hollow .{-ray tubeand detachably connected with said oil transformers, said X-ray tubebeing insulated from said X-ray shield by an air space completelyencircling said X-ray tube.

17. An apparatus of the character described comprising an X-ray shieldhaving the form of a hollow member, a pair of high tension transformersseparately housed within said hollow member and spaced apart, a lowtension transformer mounted within said hollow member, an X-ray tuberemovably housed within said hollow member, and mechanism connected withsaid trairsformers and controllable by the removal and replacement ofsaid Xray tube for making' and breaking electrical connections from saidX-ray tube to said transformers.

FREDERICK H. \VAPPLER. CHARLES FAYER.

